Here is a series of psychometric tools we have been developping, adapting, or revising:
- SODDQ (Self–Other Distinction Difficulties Questionnaire):
A multidimensional self-report instrument designed to assess difficulties individuals may experience in distinguishing between their own and others’ internal states. The questionnaire captures a range of everyday situations involving confusion, blending, or misattribution of thoughts and emotions, and is structured to reflect different facets of these experiences (e.g., biases toward one’s own perspective or toward others’ states). It is currently being validated in English, French, Dutch, German, Czech, and Italian. - ToMi (Theory of Mind Inventory) from Hutchins et al. 2021
We adapted in French for adolescents and adults this questionnaire assessing individual differences in theory of mind abilities in daily life. It focuses on how individuals understand, interpret, and predict others’ mental states, including beliefs, intentions, and emotions. - BOSK (Battery of Other- and Self-Knowledge): An internet-based battery combining 12 complementary measures to assess different facets of how individuals represent and access knowledge about themselves and a close other. The battery integrates: (1) cognitive tasks (e.g., meta-cognition, episodic fluency, recognition memory, source memory), (2) psychosocial paradigms (e.g., self-complexity sorting task), (3) self-report measures of self-awareness. The BOSK is grounded in theoretical models of autobiographical memory and self-representation, and aims to characterize multiple components of self- and other-knowledge without relying solely on accuracy-based metrics
- TSSS (Testing Situational States Scale): A brief self-report scale assessing transient, situational states that may have influenced participants’ responses in a preceding task. It captures momentary factors such as attention, fatigue, emotional state, and motivation. The TSS is administered immediately after task completion to reflect the participant’s state during performance.
It is designed to complement behavioural measures by indexing state-dependent variability. This allows researchers to distinguish temporary influences from more stable individual differences. It provides a simple and efficient way to account for contextual noise in experimental data. - Revised Emotional Egocentricity Bias task (EEB; MRI-compatible) from Silani et al. 2013 : A visuo-tactile perspective-taking paradigm designed for neuroimaging contexts. The task induces congruent and incongruent emotional states between two individuals and measures the extent to which one’s own affect biases judgments about another’s experience.
The revised version involves parameter optimization, as well as development and validation of new stimulus sets, to improve sensitivity and experimental control. - FEEB (Food-based Emotional Egocentricity Bias; belgian version) from Fjaellingsdal et al. 2025: We adapted fro Belgium this now EEB behavioural paradigm where the self- and others’ emotions are food-related.
- Unfair Card Picking Game: A deceptive emotion induction paradigm involving two players selecting cards from a shuffled pair. The task systematically generates distinct emotional states depending on the outcome, including anger, shame, guilt, and mild joy. It is used to experimentally manipulate emotional contexts in a controlled yet interactive setting.
- Level 1 Visual Perspective Taking (VPT) from Samson et al. 2010:
We modified this behavioural task assessing the ability to determine what another agent can see. Participants view scenes where their own perspective may be congruent or incongruent with that of another agent. They are asked to judge either their own or the other’s visual perspective.
The task measures interference effects when the two perspectives conflict. Key indices include altercentric interference, egocentric interference, self-other distinction (conflict or congruency effect), and self-other priority (focus or perspective effect).
